Nice Baby Wallpaper Biography
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Mrs. Shinn correctly identifies the thrill that the baby feels at that age, when the burst of
awareness about her world overwhelms her desire for food.
By the time the baby is five months old, the author is willing to admit to "real" desire on the part of the baby, and shows how
rapidly her interest in objects begins to unfold. When Ruth issix months old, Mrs. Shinn identifies what we now call "meansends," "object permanence/' and "imitation," and shows the baby's increasing self-awareness. Mrs. Shinn was making these
acute observations and labeling them long before Piaget had described such cognitive processes. Did Piaget read her
observations and learn from her insights? I was particularly impressed with Mrs. Shinn's understanding of "her" baby's
pleasure in each learning step. For example, she describes the way Ruth drops things simply to "watch them fall."
Descriptions like this make Ruth seem so alive!
Mrs. Shinn's book is a classic of observation. Observation—that is, watching and recording— has a long and distinguished
history as a research instrument In the natural sciences. And yet there are few volumes that include such sensitivity and
attention to detail as does this "baby biography/' In the words of a reviewer of the period, Mrs. Shinn had a vital asset: "the
loving, sympathetic relation with the subject, necessary for insight and yet not sufficient to obscure the judgment." It is a
pleasure to read a book first published in 1900 that has obviously led us to some of our present insights.
Cambridge, Mass., 1985
THE BIOGRAPHY OF A BABY
BABY BIOGRAPHY IN GENERAL
" IT is a well recognized fact in the history of sciencethat the very subjects which concern our dearest interests, which lie
nearest our hearts, are exactly those which are the last to submit to scientific methods, to be reduced to scientific law. Thus it
has come to pass that while babies are born and grow up in every household, and while the gradual unfolding of their
faculties has been watched with the keenest interest and intensest joy by intelligent and even scientific fathers and mothers
from time immemorial, yet very little has yet been done in the scientific study of this most important of all possible subjects,
—the ontogenetic evolution of "the faculties of the human mind.
" Only in the last few years has scientific attention been drawn to the subject at all. Its transcendent importance has already
enlisted many observers, but on account of the great complexity of the phenomena, and still more the intrinsic difficulty of
their interpretation, scientific progress has scarcely yet commenced.
" What is wanted most of all in this, as in every science, is a body of carefully observed facts. But to be an accomplished
investigator in this field requires a rare combination of qualities. There must be a wide intelligence combined with patience in
observing and honesty in recording. There must be also an earnest scientific spirit, a loving sympathy with the subject of
investigation, yet under watchful restraint, lest it cloud the judgment; keenness of intuitive perception, yet soberness of
judgment in interpretation."
I have appropriated these words of Dr. Joseph Le Conte because the general reader is not likely to see them where they were
originally printed, in a little university study, and it is a pity to let the general reader miss so good an introduction to the
subject. Not all learned men rate baby biography as highly as Dr. Le Conte does; but probably all biologists do, and those
psychologists who are most strongly impressed with the evolutionaryinterpretation of life.
It is easy to see why one's views of evolution affect the matter. In botany, for instance, we do not think that we can
understand the mature plant by studying it alone, without knowledge of its germinating period. If we omitted all study of
radical and plumule and cotyledon, we should not only lose an interesting chapter from the science, but also even the part we
kept, the classification and morphology and physiology of the grown plant itself, would be seriously misunderstood in some
ways. So in other sciences: it is necessary to understand how things came to be what they are, to study the process of
becoming, so to speak, before the completed result can be understood. This is what we mean by " the genetic method " of
studying a subject.
Now, in proportion as one believes that the faculties of the human mind unfold by evolutionary law, like a plant from
the germ, he will feel the need of studying these also genetically. As we find them in our grown selves, they are often
perplexing. What seems a single complete, inborn faculty may really be made up of simpler ones, so fused together by
long practice that they cannot be discerned. We know that this is the case with seeing. For instance, we give a glance at
a ball, and see its form with a single act of mind. Yetthat act became possible only after long drill in putting simpler
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